Estimation of protein stability is important for many reasons: first providing an understanding of the basic thermodynamics of the process of folding, protein engineering, and protein stability plays important role in biotechnology especially in food and protein drug design. Today, proteins are used in many branches, including industrial processes, pharmaceutical industry, and medical fields. Activity and stability of proteins are essential for providing healthy condition or required during their production, storage and use in their applications. Through the first part of this review, we aim to define the protein stability terms and factors. Any factor induces stabilizing conformation and/or aggregation of proteins might be of importance in etiology of the conformational diseases. In the second part we are going to clarify a comprehensive definition of protein stability issues with special emphasis on the advantages of these concepts in protein conformational diseases and biotechnology with a short insight to protein engineering approaches.

Background- Implantation of transvenous permanent pacemakers (PPM) has become standard therapy for sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities. It plays an important role in improving quality of life and preventing death in this group of patients.Methods- This study was conducted on 477 patients during their hospitalization and eight weeks after their discharge.Results- Complete heart block was the most frequent indication for pacemaker implantation (48.8%). The most frequent early complications of implantations were hematoma (2.1%) and hemothorax (0.5%). The most frequent malfunctions were lead displacement (1.9%), exit block (1.5%) and atrial undersensing (1%). There were no significant differences between single- and dual-chamber PPM in regard to complications and malfunctions (p=0.56).Conclusions- PPM implantations in our center are associated with a low incidence of early complications and malfunctions in comparison with other qualified centers. There is no significant difference between early complications of single- versus dual-chamber PPMs.

Background If ethics considered as the meaning of internal strengths, nature, and qualities, it refers to introspective dimension of human which called intrapersonal communication in the literature of management and psychology. This sight of communication is low researched. So, this study searches the variety of intrapersonal ethical malfunctions that causing factor of wasting the talents. Method This study is a qualitative research with phenomenography strategy. Statistical population includes contractual or official employees in north Khorasan province with talent wastage experiment in their self, coworkers or subset human resource. 20 subjects were selected non-randomly among 17 public organizations. The data analyzed in 3 steps of "open", "axial", and "selective" coding, and "outcome space" represented based of them. Results After summarizing, lessoning, and coding data, it is founded five focus (internal horizon) in the domain of ethical introspective malfunctions names "interest-seeking", "self-conceit", "pessimism", "indifference" and "idealism", in tree intrapersonal communication context (external horizon) including " Conclusion "Indifference" and "pessimism" are high frequent intrapersonal communication malfunctions founded as the most affective factor of preventing developing talents. In other side, the role of thoughts, beliefs and feelings of horizon related to managers recognized more than other external horizons.

Altered functions of mesangial cells induced by high glucose concentrations are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We therefore investigated the effect of high glucose (39.2 mM) alone and in combination with taurine (500 µM) or vitamin E (100 µM) in serum free medium (RPMI 1640) on the proliferative growth response and turnover of type IV collagen by human glomerular mesangial cells (GMC). The results showed that the high glucose level decreases the proliferation of the GMC which is reversed by taurine and vitamin E. In order to control the osmotic effects of high glucose, the GMC were also cultured in the presence of manitol. Manitol had no effect on the proliferation of GMC. Furthermore, the results showed that addition of vitamin E or taurine to media containing high glucose could reverse and normalize the collagen turn-over by the cultured mesangial cells. These results suggest that taurie and vitamin E may function as endogenous agents in the kidney to limit the development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic renal disease.

The main question discussed in the present article is “may religion be used to increase and improve the functions of the social capital and at the same time to reduce the adverse effects of the social capital?” The authors have assumed that the principles governing the social capital cause special characteristics to rule the relationships creating the social capital and, as a result, many malfunctions of the social capital may be eliminated. In a comparative way, at first, the present article discusses the concept of the social capital and its malfunctions; then introduces the principles recommended by Islam to improve the social capital. In the present writing, the authors recommend to employ the Islamic teachings to reduce adverse effects of the social capital.

Research is a systematic, controlled empirical and critical study for the discovery of the relationships between phenomena. It also presents various hypotheses, and seeks to achieve a specific purpose and action. It emphasizes the welfare and prosperity of everyone. Undoubtedly, researches should meet the country's scientific and technological needs and generate wealth. But the events in higher education, such as unaccountable scientific works, the decline of research efficiency, etc. have called these assumptions into question. For what reasons our country has not been able to take effective steps in the field of research and is unable in meeting the needs of society despite its potential in this subject and its researchers? The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the factors affecting the occurrence of research biases in the Iranian higher education system using a qualitative content analysis approach. Data were collected through deep and semi-structured interviews with 22 of top researchers, experts and research policy makers in 2018-2019 by a purposeful sampling method. Findings showed that existing structural problems, university not focusing on mission, weaknesses of university, industry and community relationship, article orientation, weakness of evaluation system, downfall of academic community standards, incorrect system of student acceptance and faculty recruitment, as well as the weakness of the legal structure are some of the main causes of research malfunctions in Iranian universities and higher education institutions.

The maneuverability of a quadrotor or octorotor UAV is limited in the standard configuration ‎because the force vectors of the propellers are parallel and only have four active degrees of ‎freedom. Therefore, they lack the controllability of six independent degrees of freedom. This ‎study designs a novel configuration for an octorotor capable of hovering with roll or pitch angles in ‎a specific position, contrary to UAVs with a standard configuration that can only hover in a ‎horizontal position. In other words, in this octorotor, orientation tracking is also added to the ‎octorotor's targets in addition to position tracking. The proposed model can be controlled by ‎altering the velocity of the eight rotors and the tilt angle of the four arms. Such alterations in ‎velocity and tilt angle are such that they can provide the aerial vehicle with most optimum ‎maneuverability. After deriving the proposed dynamic octorotor model, a controller is proposed ‎using neural networks (NNs) and reinforcement learning (RL), capable of controlling the proposed ‎octorotor with six independent degrees of freedom. Finally, trajectory tracking, octorotor position, ‎and controller robustness to possible Motor malfunctions are examined, and numerical simulation ‎results are provided.‎

Introduction: Candidiasis, as an opportunistic infection, is caused by the Candida species. Although Candida albicans is classified in the body as an endogenic flora, it plays an important role in creating Candida related diseases. Candida vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, diabetes mellitus patients and those using multiple antibiotics and contraceptive drugs demonstrates the high resistance of the organism against conventional medication. On the other hand, recurrent vaginitis disintegrates the long-term process of treatment in majority of the patients. The present research was done with the aim of determining the optimum conditions for susceptibility testing before retreatment of patients.Methods: 10 isolates of Candida albicans obtained from 31 suspected patients suffering from recurrent Candida vaginitis were incubated with ketoconazole at two pH of 7.2 and 5.5 and two temperatures of 35ºC and 27ºC. The Microdilution broth test technique was used. The RPMI 1640 medium within the 96 well microplates with range of 12 tests was used to determine the MIC50 , MIC90 and MFC of the drug.Results: The obtained MIC50, MIC90 and MFC for ketoconazole at these conditions (T=35ºC and pH=7.2) were 0.25 to 1 μg/ml, 1 to 4 μg/ml and 64 to ≥ 512 μg/ml respectively, while these values at 27ºC, pH 5.5 were 1 to 8 μg/ml, 8 to 64 μg/ml and 512 to ≥ 512 μg/ml, at 35ºC and pH 5.5 the values were 1 to 8 μg/ml, 4 to 32 μg/ml, 256 to ≥ 512 μg/ml, while at 27ºC and pH 7.2 the values were 1 to 2 μg/ml, 8 to 32 μg/ml, 128 to ≥ 512 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The obtained results confirmed that conditions with temperature of 35ºC and pH 7.2 resulted in better treatment outcomes than other conditions.